Some ping programs the length option specifies just the payload data, others the entire packet.
For Windows it is the payload, so from that if -l 1455 works and -l 1456 fails the MTU is 20 (IP header) + 8 (ICMP header) + 1455 (payload) = 1483, and correspoding MSS is 1483 (MTU) - 20 (IP header) - 20 (TCP header) = 1443.