PPP keepalive - more detail needed

I have an RB2011UAS-2HnD, running RouterOS 6.12. It uses PPPoE through port 5, to an ADSL modem, to reach the ISP.
The firewall is set to lock down during certain periods, when the network should not be in use. When a call to the Internet is next made, in a permitted period, the router seems to suddenly realise that it has no connection to the ISP and sets about reconnecting:
pppoe-wan: terminating… - peer is not responding
pppoe-wan: disconnected
pppoe-wan: initializing…
pppoe-wan: connecting…
item removed
item removed
pppoe-wan: authenticated
pppoe-wan: connected
item added
item added
I therefore assume that the keepalives have been blocked, the PPP session has dropped, but the router hasn’t noticed.

Can someone give me more detail on PPP keepalives? Are they ICMP packets, or something else? What is the tightest set of firewall rules which would permit their use, so that the PPP session remains alive?

Thank you in advance,

Mark