What i dont get is that on all other systems i used all connected networks are reachable from router (which works) and from all connected devices on the LAN which have an default route to the (mikrotik) router.
Refering to the example above i have an linux-client connected to the ethernet port of br_one with the ip 192.168.1.10/24 and default gateway is the ip of br_one, 192.168.1.1.
Still, i cant ping the ip from br_two. I think mikrotik is doing something totally different from systems like cisco, juniper and unix/linux-routing in general.
RouterOS will route all connected network by default. You can limit routing by using filters in the forwarding chain. In that sense it is no different from say a Cisco router with no ACLs active - add ACLs if you want to limit forwarding.
See my comment in another thread about using the interface as a default route. RouterOS can do that to but it is usually a bad idea on an Ethernet segment.
Yes. You can route traffic between 2 bridges. You only have to use bridge interfaces ip addresses as default gateway on PCs connected to ports eth1 and eth2.
It is like VLANs and SVIs in Cisco.