I think I figured it out.
The containers https://github.com/heiher/hev-socks5-tunnel and https://github.com/xjasonlyu/tun2socks do not work out of the box, at least for me. I had to edit entrypoint.sh.
My entrypoint.sh for https://github.com/xjasonlyu/tun2socks container
#!/bin/sh
ip tuntap add mode tun dev tun0
ip addr add 198.18.0.1/15 dev tun0
ip link set dev tun0 up
ip route del default
ip route add default via 198.18.0.1 dev tun0 metric 1
ip route add default via 172.17.0.1 dev eth0 metric 10
tun2socks -device tun0 -proxy socks5://172.17.0.2:10808 -interface eth0
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