After asking about this functionality I received the following answer:
At least it is not the solution for my problem, but, and I say many thanks to @Guntis for that, I totally misunderstood the purpose of the provisioning function.
As I now understand correctly, the use of the Provision button in winbox or the corresponding command is not necessary when changing configurations. As it is only for creating the new (virtual) interfaces on the CAPs.
It’s a pity that this command is not documented, because from the naming I always thought it means “push all new configuration to the CAPs”. I used it and never verified if the configuration was already on the CAPs before
