I want to replace my Vodafone Station with a MikroTik router, the Vodafone requirements for router replacement are as follows:

ADSL 2+
ITU: G.992.1, G.992.5 over POTS
PPPoE Routed (RFC2516)
Type SRV query DNS (RFC 2782)
codec: G.729, G.711 A-law, T.38.

Does the hEX S model support those standards?
Also I have around ~60 devices that talk through this router, is this router enough to support them or if not what router is better?

You will have to set the Vodafone router to bridge if that is posdible. Miktotik does not support ADSL/VDSL in any way on it's own.

Thanks for the reply. That's unfortunate, I really hoped it was as I loved the idea of having a simple and fast ethernet-only router without all the stuff that gets bundled with the brands' one.

Thanks for the reply. That's unfortunate, I really hoped it was as I loved the idea of having a simple and fast ethernet-only router without all the stuff that gets bundled with the brands' one.

Like @msatter said: if that Vodafone device can be configured as a bridge (ie. modem-passthru) then you could use PPPoE of the MT device:
https://wiki.mikrotik.com/wiki/Manual:Interface/PPPoE