Okay, I found the answer to why the "latest" file in the .05 directory returns ".04" in the contents,
over in this thread.
You can read about how people had problems after upgrading to .05. They tried to downgrade themselves, but weren't able to...every image file they grabbed from the public URL and re-flashed did not cause the firmware version on their LTE modem to budge. It stayed at .05.
At one point, MT manually remotely downgraded somebody's modem who opened a ticket with them about this issue. It fixed their problem.
After that, MT pulled the .05 upgrade. The .05 subdirectory was created,
which actually points to an image file that downgrades back to .04. This allowed anybody who had been bitten by the buggy .05 release to downgrade back to .04 using the normal means, rather than opening individual tickets with MT.
Based on this, I can surmise that...
- ...at least for modem model FG621-EA, the URL scheme for updates is /firmware/<model>/<current-version> (where <current-version> is the version that the modem is already running, NOT the most recent "current" version for download!)
- ...underneath /<current-version>, the "latest" file contains the version # of the image file that your modem will be upgraded TO
- ...and the "image" file contains the actual firmware that matches the version # contained within "latest"
So, ROS checks current running firmware, then tries to fetch /firmware/FG621-EA/<current-version>/latest. If this file exists, then it means there is an update FROM <current-version> TO whatever is in "latest". At this point, it pops up the "LTE Firmware Check" window showing you "Installed Version" (what I've been calling <current-version>) and "Latest Version" (the version number of the next upgrade available to your modem at /firmware/<model>/<current-version>/image, which it learned from /latest).
This would mean that *IF* /FG621-EA/16121.1034.00.01.01.08 existed, it would actually likely contain the update to .09 within it, not the image for .08. You would need to find the directory for the previous published version (.07 or possibly lower) in order to actually obtain the .08 image file.
That nothing past /FG621-EA/16121.1034.00.01.01.05/* seems to exist suggests that the URL schema must have changed at some point. And we still don't know what the new schema is.
I went ahead and checked Internet Archive / Wayback Machine, and they do have a copy of 16121.1034.00.01.01.05/image stored on their servers that was grabbed back in August 2024. Unfortunately, it appears that it has been truncated by about 16KB. However, from the bulk of it that I have been able to download, if I compare it to what is currently located at 16121.1034.00.01.01.05/image today, it is byte-for-byte identical. So they aren't simply changing/replacing that file in that directory with newer versions all the time.
EDIT: Found
this interesting page which specifically states that the FG621-EA firmware cannot be downgraded to an earlier version, implying that this is so even if you retained a copy of an older image file that you had used to upgrade it to that same version in the past. I don't know if they got this info directly from MT or what, but it rather fits with what the other post you linked to hypothesizes about binary diffs/"deltas", and indeed what the structure of the image file seems to suggest. My guess is that when .05 proved to be buggy and MT pulled it, what they did was prepare a special downgrade "patch" image that will take a modem running .05 and patch it back to .04. This is likely only possible to do if such a specifically-prepared downgrade image is made by MT themselves. So if .09 is also buggy and somebody needs to downgrade to .08 again, it's probably going to take MT's involvement/intervention to make that happen. Honestly, this is a very crappy system and would discourage me from EVER updating my modem firmware, especially given the high rate of showstopping bugs that it seems like are constantly getting introduced in updates...why take the chance? You should ALWAYS be allowed to downgrade things, especially if the vendor has proven time and time again that they cannot be trusted to do proper Q/A.