I would like to know whether it is possible to block all VPN traffic, including browser-based VPN extensions, using MikroTik IP > Firewall > Filter Rules. Any recommended approach?
You can not 100% block everything without disrupting the normal operation of your network.
Example:
Secured web browsing via HTTPS uses port 443.
Some VPNs can use that port as well.
Please suggest MikroTik firewall filter rules that can block most commonly used VPN services.
What it means for you?
Browser based free VPNs, Android VPN applications, Network VPN etc.
You should use NGFW products with paid subscription to filter lists. MikroTik is not a device you are looking for.
Every traffic that is encrypted is outside the scope of inspection in ROS.You need other brands' UTM as Mikrotik does not let you this unless you install a conteiner with UTM. Netherless there are no simple firewall rules that do the expected task.