I can’t find anything anywhere that tells how this is supposed to work. Is there somewhere or someone that can just show me the most basic, most primitive example of a working VLAN configuration, using bridge vlan filtering?
You can start from the links below:
http://forum.mikrotik.com/t/using-routeros-to-vlan-your-network/126489/1
https://help.mikrotik.com/docs/display/ROS/Bridge#Bridge-BridgeVLANFiltering
https://help.mikrotik.com/docs/display/ROS/VLAN
https://help.mikrotik.com/docs/display/ROS/Bridge+VLAN+Table