hEX S (2025) doesn't negotiate 1Gb/s with at least some 1Gb/s Ethernet adapters

Only as a side-side note, Mikrotik devices do have a tool to test cables.

Even if not spectacularly accurate in the diagnosis it can often show if there is an issue (maybe not pinpointing exactly which issue it is), see:
cable-test on hap lite, pure madness